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AggV2 Code Book - Functional annotation queries

Disclaimer

We can use split-vep (available with bcftools version 1.10.2-foss-2018b) to query and parse the functional annotation from VEP.

bcftools version

Please use bcftools version 1.16 via: module load bcftools/1.16

Snippets

Within each snippet shown below, most lines end with the '\' character. This is not part of the command but a shorthand notation meaning "keep reading the next line as part of a single command." We do this to split each snippet over multiple lines so it is easier to read.

The queries below work with the functional annotation data files present in:

/gel_data_resources/main_programme/aggregation/aggregate_gVCF_strelka/aggV2/functional_annotation/VEP_109

You can view all of the available VEP annotations using the command below - all annotations can be extracted and/or filtered for.

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#!/bin/bash

module load bcftools/1.16

bcftools +split-vep -l gel_mainProgramme_aggV2_chr7_48864936_51531027_VEPannot.vcf.gz

Output:

...
1   Consequence
2   IMPACT
3   SYMBOL
4   Gene
5   Feature_type
6   Feature
7   BIOTYPE
8   EXON
9   INTRON
10  HGVSc
...

Extract variants above threshold for aggV2 derived allele frequencies

Question: "I want to find common variants in genetically inferred European samples".

Script: Use bcftools query with the -i flag to specify the allele frequency cut-off, and the -f flag to determine the output attributes and format.

Note: Use the functional annotation data in the VEP_99 directory to access aggV2 allele frequencies.

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module load bcftools/1.16

bcftools query gel_mainProgramme_aggV2_chr1_1_506426_VEPannot.vcf.gz \
-i "AF_eur > 0.05" \
-f '%CHROM\t%POS\t%REF\t%ALT\t%AF_eur\n' | head -5

Output: The first five lines are printed to screen.

...
chr1    10108   C   T   0.073
chr1    10109   A   T   0.083
chr1    10147   C   A   0.063
chr1    10150   C   T   0.067
chr1    10177   A   C   0.132
...

Extract variants for a gene of interest

Question: "I want to extract all variants in the gene IKZF1 and view some basic annotation".

Script: Use bcftools split-vep. This example will output variants annotated against all transcripts for the gene of interest - IKZF1 - using the -i flag. There will be one annotation per line (for each transcript - using the -d flag). The -f option formats the output with the attributes included. The > character writes the output to a tab-delimited file.

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#!/bin/bash

module load bcftools/1.16

bcftools +split-vep gel_mainProgramme_aggV2_chr7_48864936_51531027_VEPannot.vcf.gz \
-i 'SYMBOL="IKZF1"' -d \
-f '%CHROM\t%POS\t%REF\t%ALT\t%SYMBOL\t%Feature\t%Consequence\t%Existing_variation\n' > IKZF1_variants.tsv

Output: The output is a tab-delimited file in long-format - where each annotation is on a separate line across all variants. The columns are in the same order as stated in the -f command above.

...
chr7    50319076        G       A       IKZF1   ENST00000641948 non_coding_transcript_exon_variant      rs374267123
chr7    50319076        G       A       IKZF1   ENST00000642219 synonymous_variant      rs374267123
chr7    50319076        G       A       IKZF1   ENST00000645066 synonymous_variant      rs374267123
chr7    50319076        G       A       IKZF1   ENST00000646110 synonymous_variant      rs374267123
chr7    50319076        G       C       IKZF1   ENST00000331340 missense_variant        rs374267123
chr7    50319076        G       C       IKZF1   ENST00000343574 missense_variant        rs374267123
...

* data have been randomised and subset

Extract variants for a gene of interest with a damaging prediction

Question: "I want to view the variants that that are missense or worse and rare in gnomAD in the gene IKZF1".

Script: Use bcftools split-vep. This example will output variants annotated against all transcripts for the gene of interest - IKZF1 - that are missense or worse (-s and -S flag) and rare in Europeans (use the -c flag for numeric conversion). There will be one annotation per line (for each transcript - using the -d flag). The -f option formats the output with the attributes included. The > character writes the output to a tab-delimited file.

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#!/bin/bash

module load bcftools/1.16

bcftools +split-vep gel_mainProgramme_aggV2_chr7_48864936_51531027_VEPannot.vcf.gz \
-i 'SYMBOL="IKZF1" & EUR_AF<0.05' -d \
-f '%CHROM\t%POS\t%REF\t%ALT\t%SYMBOL\t%Feature\t%Consequence\t%Existing_variation\t%EUR_AF\n' \
-c SYMBOL,Feature,Consequence,EUR_AF:Float,Existing_variation \
-s worst:missense+ -S ../../additional_data/vep_severity_scale/VEP_severity_scale_2020.txt > IKZF1_rare_missense.tsv

Output: The output is a tab-delimited file in long-format - where each annotation is on a separate line across all variants. The columns are in the same order as stated in the -f command above.

...
chr7    50368156        C       T       IKZF1   ENST00000413698 missense_variant        rs558055360     0
chr7    50368201        A       G       IKZF1   ENST00000413698 missense_variant        rs117111762     0.002
chr7    50368251        A       G       IKZF1   ENST00000413698 missense_variant        rs573829014     0
chr7    50368281        G       A       IKZF1   ENST00000413698 missense_variant        rs562525663     0
chr7    50368296        G       A       IKZF1   ENST00000413698 missense_variant        rs544990441     0
chr7    50376578        G       A       IKZF1   ENST00000331340 missense_variant        rs144637662&COSM6972304 0.001
chr7    50376689        G       A       IKZF1   ENST00000331340 missense_variant        rs549930725     0.001
chr7    50400076        G       A       IKZF1   ENST00000331340 missense_variant        rs148169768     0
chr7    50400355        G       C       IKZF1   ENST00000331340 missense_variant        rs529231990     0
...

* data have been randomised and subset

Please note that when specifying severity constraints using the -s flag, you should currently specify the severity scale explicitly using the -S flag. This is due to a known bug in bcftools 1.10.x (outdated default severity scale), which will be resolved in bcftools 1.11. The severity scale can be found in the location below:

/gel_data_resources/main_programme/aggregation/aggregate_gVCF_strelka/aggV2/additional_data/vep_severity_scale/VEP_severity_scale_2020.txt

Additional annotation queries

Below are some additional queries using split-vep that extract useful annotation.

module load bcftools/1.16

#Example infile
infile='gel_mainProgramme_aggV2_chr10_10064150_12359131_VEPannot.vcf.gz'

#View all the types of VEP data annotated to file
bcftools +split-vep ${infile} -l

#If we want to view just all gnomAD annotations we can pipe to grep
bcftools +split-vep ${infile} -l | grep -i gnomADg

#Check CADD scores
bcftools +split-vep ${infile} -f '%CHROM:%POS-%REF/%ALT %CADD_RAW %CADD_PHRED\n' -d

#Check LOFTEE
bcftools +split-vep ${infile} -f '%CHROM:%POS-%REF/%ALT %LoF %LoF_filter \n' -d

#Check gnomAD custom annotations
bcftools +split-vep ${infile} -f '%CHROM:%POS-%REF/%ALT %gnomADg_AF %gnomADg_AF_eas %gnomADg_AF_sas\n' -d

#Check TOPMed custom annotations
bcftools +split-vep ${infile} -f '%CHROM:%POS-%REF/%ALT %topmedg %topmedg_AF topmedg_SVM \n' -d

#Check ClinVar custom annotations
bcftools +split-vep ${infile} -f '%CHROM:%POS-%REF/%ALT %ClinVar_CLNDN %ClinVar_CLNREVSTAT \n' -d